British Transport Docks


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Railways played a major role in the great period of Victorian port expansion. Earlier docks were difficult to adapt for railways, generally hemmed in by populous areas and only reached by laying rails through the street. Their small size meant that wagons had to be moved around them singly over turntables.

It took some time for dock owners to realise the changes that railways were bringing about. The new Clarence Dock, Liverpool opened in 1829, only a year before the Liverpool & Manchester Railway, had no railway nearer than the L&MR’s Wapping goods station 1 ½ miles away in the old south docks. The goods station itself relied on cartage to and from the quays until 1833 when rails were laid to the coal yard at King’s Dock, and through the streets to the timber yards at Brunswick Dock in 1835. It was 1855 before the first branch railway was opened to the expanding North Docks. The Hull & Selby Railway built a line to Hull docks from the outset in 1840, but the new Railway Dock of 1846 was too small for the largest steamers, while the Victoria Dock of 1850-2, which could accommodate them, at first lacked good rail connections.

In 1948 the British Transport Commission formed on the nationalisation of the railways. It had the following divisions:

- Railway Executive
- Hotels Executive
- Docks & Inland Waterways Executive
- Road Passenger Executive
- Road Haulage Executive
- London Transport Executive

In 1962 the British Transport Commission is abolished and its activities separated off into various public corporations.


                        - Railway Executive > British Railways Board
                        - Hotels Executive > British Transport Hotels
                        - Docks & Inland Waterways Executive is split
                                                - Docks > British Transport Docks Board
                                                - Inland Waterways > British Waterways Board
                        - Road Passenger Executive > Transport Holding Company
                        - Road Haulage Executive > British Road Services
                        - London Transport Executive > London Transport Board

The British Transport Docks Board, which had been profitable and self-financing for many years, had invested heavily in order to modernise its port facilities. With the Government determined to pass its assets to the private sector, it was renamed Associated British Ports on 1st January 1983 and the following month 49 per cent of the company was offered to the public. Thus British Transport Ports  were privatised and became Associated British Ports Holdings PLC.

However some port and docks were retained in British Rail as part of its Railway Shipping Services. BR's Shipping and International Services Division was established in 1968 and became fully operational in August the following year. Its assets embraced the considerable fleet of BR vessels and harbours. Shortly afterwards the Shipping Division joined a consortium of shipping companies owned by the French Railways, the Belgian Marine and the Dutch Zeeland Steamship Company, to be marketed as Sealink. In 1979 it became a separate but wholly-owned subsidiary of the BRB, and one of the biggest shipping companies in the world, as Sealink UK Ltd.

In 1984 Sealink was privatised and sold to British Ferries, a subsidiary of Sea Containers Ltd, an international seafreight company whose owner and President, James Sherwood, had recently purchased five of the former British Transport Hotels. This sale took place at a time when one large cross-channel ferry was valued at approximately £20 million. It was a bargain for Sea Containers who took over 37 ships of various sizes, 10 harbours and 9,390 staff of whom 2,529 were salaried. In 1991 Sea Containers Ltd decided to sell most of their Sealink British Ferries operations to Stena Line.  However Sea Containers Ltd retained the Isle of Wight shipping services and re-branded them as Wightlink. They also retained the ports of Heysham, Newhaven, Folkestone, development land in Harwich and the Lake Windermere Steamers.

Summary of former Railway Owned Ports & Harbours:

London & South East:

Tilbury Riverside Pier (now owned by the Port of London Authority)
Gravesend Town Pier (now owned by the Port of London Authority)
Folkestone Harbour (now owned by Roger De Hann's Folkestone Properties Ltd)
Newhaven Harbour (now owned by LD Transmanche Ferries)
Portsmouth Station Pier (Wightlink Ferries)
Ryde Pier Head (Wightlink Ferries)
Lymington Pier (Wightlink Ferries)
Southampton Docks (now owned by Associated British Ports)
Weymouth Harbour (now owned by Weymouth & Portland Borough Council)

South West:

Teignmouth (now owned by Associated British Ports)
Plymouth Millbay Docks (now owned by Associated British Ports)

Wales:


Newport (now owned by Associated British Ports)
Cardiff (now owned by Associated British Ports)
Barry (now owned by Associated British Ports)
Port Talbot (now owned by Associated British Ports)
Swansea (now owned by Associated British Ports)
Fishguard Harbour (now owned by Stena Line)
Holyhead (now owned by Stena Line)

North West:

Garston (now owned by Associated British Ports)
Fleetwood (now owned by Associated British Ports)
Heysham (now owned by the Mersey Docks & Harbour Company - part of Peel Holdings plc)
Barrow (now owned by Associated British Ports)
Lake Windermere Piers (now owned by Windermere Lake Cruises)
Silloth (now owned by Associated British Ports)

Scotland:

Stranraer Harbour (now owned by Stena Line)
Ayr (now owned by Associated British Ports)
Troon (now owned by Associated British Ports)
Clyde Piers (now owned by Caledonian Maritime Assets Ltd)
Grangemouth (now owned by Forth Ports)

East Coast:

Hull (now owned by Associated British Ports)
Goole (now owned by Associated British Ports)
Grimsby & Immingham (now owned by Associated British Ports)
Kings Lynn (now owned by Associated British Ports)
Lowestoft (now owned by Associated British Ports)
Ipswich (now owned by Associated British Ports)
Harwich Parkeston Quay (now owned by Harwich International Port - part of Hutchison Port Holdings)

Websites:

Associated British Ports
http://www.abports.co.uk

Stena Line
http://www.stenaline.co.uk

Port of London Authority (PLA)
http://www.portoflondon.co.uk

Folkestone Harbour
http://www.folkestoneharbour.com/

LD Transmanche Ferries
http://www.transmancheferries.com/

Wightlink Ferries
http://www.wightlink.co.uk

Windermere Lake Cruises
http://www.windermere-lakecruises.co.uk/

Weymouth & Portland Borough Council
http://www.weymouth.gov.uk/Transport/Harbour/home.asp?svid=167

Peel Holdings plc
http://www.peel.co.uk

Caledonian MacBrayne
http://www.calmac.co.uk

Forth Ports plc
http://www.forthports.co.uk

Harwich International Port
http://www.harwich.co.uk/

Hutchison Port Holdings (HPH)
http://www.hph.com.hk/



        (c) The AJN Transport Britain Collection 2008                                                                                                                                                                                 A TRANSPORT BRITAIN WEBSITE